柯勒律治： The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 古舟子咏

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834), English lyrical poet, critic, and philosopher, whose Lyrical Ballads, (1798) written with William Wordsworth, started the English Romantic movement.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge was born in Ottery St Mary, Devonshire , as the youngest son of the vicar of Ottery St Mary. After his father's death Coleridge was sent away to Christ's Hospital School in London . He also studied at Jesus College . In Cambridge Coleridge met the radical, future poet laureate Robert Southey. He moved with Southey to Bristol to establish a community, but the plan failed. In 1795 he married the sister of Southey's fiancée Sara Fricker, whom he did not really love.

Coleridge's collection Poems On Various Subjects was published in 1796, and in 1797 appeared Poems. In the same year he began the publication of a short-lived liberal political periodical The Watchman. He started a close friendship with Dorothy and William Wordsworth, one of the most fruitful creative relationships in English literature. From it resulted Lyrical Ballads, which opened with Coleridge's "Rime of the Ancient Mariner" and ended with Wordsworth's "Tintern Abbey". These poems set a new style by using everyday language and fresh ways of looking at nature.

The brothers Josiah and Thomas Wedgewood granted Coleridge an annuity of 150 pounds, thus enabling him to pursue his literary career. Disenchanted with political developments in France , Coleridge visited Germany in 1798-99 with Dorothy and William Wordsworth, and became interested in the works of Immanuel Kant. He studied philosophy at G?ttingen University and mastered the German language. At the end of 1799 Coleridge fell in love with Sara Hutchinson, the sister of Wordsworth's future wife, to whom he devoted his work "Dejection: An Ode" (1802). During these years Coleridge also began to compile his Notebooks, recording the daily meditations of his life. In 1809-10 he wrote and edited with Sara Hutchinson the literary and political magazine The Friend. From 1808 to 1818 he gave several lectures, chiefly in London , and was considered the greatest of Shakespearean critics. In 1810 Coleridge's friendship with Wordsworth came to a crisis, and the two poets never fully returned to the relationship they had earlier.

Suffering from neuralgic and rheumatic pains, Coleridge had become addicted to opium. During the following years he lived in London , on the verge of suicide. He found a permanent shelter in Highgate in the household of Dr. James Gillman, and enjoyed an almost legendary reputation among the younger Romantics. During this time he rarely left the house.

In 1816 the unfinished poems "Christabel" and "Kubla Khan" were published, and next year appeared "Sibylline Leaves". According to the poet, "Kubla Khan" was inspired by a dream vision. His most important production during this period was the Biographia Literaria(1817). After 1817 Coleridge devoted himself to theological and politico-sociological works. Coleridge was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1824. He died in Highgate, near London on July 25, 1834.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (by Catharine)
Birth: Oct. 21, 1772
Death: Jul. 25, 1834

Poet, Critic, Philosopher. Born in Ottery St. Mary in Devonshire England , Coleridge was the youngest of 10 children born to John Coleridge, a minister, and his wife, Ann Bowden. In this crowed household, it was reported that Coleridge led to a less than idyllic childhood. It was made worse in 1781 by the death of his father, a man he idolized. He was sent to study at a London charity school and eventually stayed with a maternal uncle. As an adolescent, Coleridge lost two of his siblings. He himself became ill, and it is believed that his use of Laudanum, which was a commonly used drug at the time, may have set him on the road to addiction. Later in his life he would be identified as an opium abuser, and he stated that one of his most famous poems, "Kubla Khan," was inspired by visions seen while under the influence. In 1791, Coleridge enrolled in Jesus College at Cambridge . Except for a brief spell in the royal dragoons in 1794 to either escape from bad debt or his failure in romance, he remained at Cambridge until 1795 when he met Robert Southey, a fellow poet. Southey and Coleridge shared similar political ideas.

They discussed various projects they thought about doing together but never followed through on. Southey has been credited with introducing Coleridge to William Wordsworth in 1795. Coleridge became friends with Wordsworth and his sister, Dorothy, and their relationship lead to the creation of one of the most seminal works in English poetry, "Lyrical Ballads." This famous partnership is detailed in the 2000 English film "Pandaemonium" (which starred John Hannah as Wordsworth and Linus Roache as Coleridge). While Coleridge had married Southey's sister-in-law, Sarah Fricker, it was not apparently for love. It wasn't until he met Sara Hutchinson, Wordsworth's sister-in-law, that he would have that experience. Eventually he would obtain a legal separation from his wife and would go for long periods of time without seeing his three children.

Coleridge managed to maintain his friendship with Wordsworth for several years but eventually this would fall by the wayside as he slipped deeper into his opium addiction. The addiction was fueled by pain he was suffering from a variety of illnesses. Unable to kick the habit, he sought refuge in 1816 with physician James Gillman. He would remain there for most of the rest of his life becoming, at times, something of a recluse. Despite this Coleridge, did manage to have a career. Aside from poetry, he became interested in politics, theology, and philosophy producing several works on these subjects. He, in fact, lectured on Immanuel Kant to the public. He also wrote and spoke about the works of Shakespeare, on whom he was considered a leading authority.

He wrote for magazines, publishing two of his own. He was also famous as a conversationalist. Coleridge attracted a wide variety of admirers including many well-known personages of the time such as the Wedgwood Family (who would give him some patronage). He was invited to join Royal Society of Literature and became recognized as the leading critic and essayist of his day. By 1834, his health had declined considerably, and he died of heart failure on July 25th of that year in the London neighborhood of Highgate. Coleridge was also the author of one of the most famous poems in the English language, "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner."

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柯勒律治

萨缪尔 ? 柯勒律治（ 1772-1834 ）英国湖畔诗人之一，著名评沦家，浪漫主义思潮的主要代表。柯勒律治写诗不多，然而其中有不朽之作，例如《古舟子咏》和《忽必烈汗》，这些诗表现了诗人奇特的想象力如何驰骋在遥远的海洋和中古的月下城堡之间，立意新颖，感情激荡，想象奇特，语言瑰丽，音律优美，代表了浪漫主义的神秘，奇幻的一面，在技巧上则发掘了诗的音乐美。他还写有一些伤感，阴郁的抒情短诗，表现了诗人不幸的生活遭遇和抑郁的心情。他写有大量的文学、哲学，神学论著，论述精辟，见解独到，在英国文学史上占有重要地位。

In 1798, the two men published a joint volume of poetry, Lyrical Ballads, which became a landmark in English poetry. 1798 年，他同华兹华斯合作出版《抒情歌谣集》，成为英诗发展的一座里程碑。

In addition to “The Ancient Mariner,” he wrote “Kubla Khan,” began writing “Christabel” and composed “This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison,” “Frost at Midnight,” and “The Nightingale,” which are considered to be his best “conversational” poems. 他创作了《古航海家之歌》，《忽必烈汗》，《子夜寒霜》，《夜莺》等名诗，这些都是他 “ 对话诗 ” 的代表。

Philosophically and critically, Coleridge opposed the limitedly rationalistic trends of the the 18th-century thought. 在哲学与文学评论方面，科勒律治反对 18 世纪那种局限的理性主义潮流。

he advocated a more spiritual and religious interpretation of life, based on what he had learnt from Kant and Schelling. 他倡导了以坎特与斯凯灵理论的对人类精神化与宗教化的诠释。

He believed that art is the only permanent revelation of the nature of reality. 他认为艺术是唯一一种能永远揭示现实的形式。

Coleridge's actual achievement as poet can be divided into two remarkably diverse groups: the demonic and the conversational. 柯勒律治在诗歌方面的成就可分为不同的两大类，神祗诗与对话诗。

Mysticism and demonism with strong imagination are the distinctive features of this group. 这些诗歌的显著特点，便是神秘与想象。

“Christabel” uses a freer version of the ballad form to create an atmosphere of the Gothic horror at once delicate and sinister.“ 克丽斯特贝尔 ” 一诗采用了更为自由的抒情诗形式，创造出的是与一种微妙而又邪恶的哥特式恐怖氛围。

He sings highly Wordsworth's “purity of language,” “deep and subtle thoughts,” “Perfect truth to nature” and his “imaginative power.” But he denies Wordsworth's claim that there is no essential difference between the language of poetry and the language spoken by common people. 他高度赞赏华兹华斯那 “ 纯净的语言 ” ， “ 深邃的思想 ” ， “ 对自然完美真实的描述 ” 以及他 “ 非凡的想象力 ” 。但是他不赞成华兹华斯所说的 “ 诗歌语言与普通百姓的生活语言没什么两样 ” 。

Coleridge was esteemed by some of his contemporaries and is generally recognized today as a lyrical poet and literary critic of the first rank. 科勒律治被同时期的诗界所尊崇，直至今日也被奉为第一流的抒情诗人与文学评论家。

he was one of the most influential English literary critics and philosophers of the 19th century. 他是 19 世纪浪漫主义文学与哲学的代表。